The Extent of the Commitment of the Supreme Federal Court in Iraq to the Protection of the Effective Constitution
Professor Dr. Maytham Hanzal Sharif

The concept of the legal state that guarantees rights and freedoms refers to a state in which the rule of law prevails over both rulers and the ruled. The effect of this supremacy does not lead to a negative restriction of rights and freedoms beyond the intended role of the constitution and legislation in organizing the exercise of these rights and freedoms in the face of challenges and violations.
The principle of the rule of law is based on crucial pillars, notably the implementation of the principle of constitutional supremacy over all ordinary and subordinate legislation and the maintenance of the hierarchy of these legislations to ensure the subordination of lower rules to higher ones. The preservation of this hierarchy does not occur automatically or voluntarily; the legal system must adopt mechanisms to guarantee this supremacy. These mechanisms are represented by assigning the task of constitutional review to a specialized body to determine the conformity of laws or their drafts with constitutional provisions, or to refrain from applying legislation that contradicts the constitution.
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Arabic version: https://www.baidarcenter.org/posts/1391